Safety
Codes and Standards
Occupational
Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
29
CFR Part 1910 Subpart O
Machinery and Machine Guarding
1910.211 - Definitions
Adjustable barrier guard
means a barrier requiring adjustment for each job or die setup.
Antirepeat means the
part of the clutch/brake control system designed to limit the
press to a single stroke if the tripping means is held operated.
Antirepeat requires release of all tripping mechanisms before
another stroke can be initiated. Antirepeat is also called single
stroke reset or reset circuit.
Authorized person means one
to whom the authority and responsibility to perform a specific
assignment has been given by the employer.
Automatic feeding means feeding
wherein the material or part being processed is placed within
or removed from the point of operation by a method or means
not requiring action by an operator on each stroke of the press.
Belts include all power transmission
belts, such as flat belts, round belts, V-belts, etc., unless
otherwise specified.
Belt shifter means a
device for mechanically shifting belts from tight to loose pulleys
or vice versa, or for shifting belts on cones of speed pulleys.
Belt pole (sometimes called a
belt shipper or shipper pole) means a device used in shifting
belts on and off fixed pulleys on line or countershaft where
there are no loose pulleys.
Bolster plate means the plate
attached to the top of the bed of the press having drilled holes
or T-slots for attaching the lower die or die shoe.
Brake means the mechanism used
on a mechanical power press to stop and/or hold the crankshaft,
either directly or through a gear train, when the clutch is
disengaged.
Brake Monitor means a sensor
designed, constructed, and arranged to monitor the effectiveness
of the press braking system.
Clutch means the coupling mechanism
used on a mechanical power press to couple the flywheel to the
crankshaft, either directly or through a gear train.
Concurrent means acting in
conjunction, and is used to describe a situation wherein two
or more controls exist in an operated condition at the same
time.
Continuous means uninterrupted
multiple strokes of the slide without intervening stops (or
other clutch control action) at the end of individual strokes.
Control System means sensors,
manual input and mode selection elements, interlocking and decision-making
circuitry, and output elements to press operating mechanism.
Counterbalance means
the mechanism that is used to balance or support the weight
of the connecting rods, slide, and slide attachments.
Device means a press control
or attachment that:
(i) Restrains the operator from inadvertently reaching into
the point of operation; or
(ii) Prevents normal press operation if the operator’s
hands are inadvertently within the point of operation; or
(iii) Automatically withdraws the operator’s hands, if
the operator’s hands are inadvertently within the point
of oper-ation as the dies close.
Die means the tooling used
in a press for cutting or forming material. An upper and a lower
die make a complete set.
Die builder means any person
who builds dies for power presses.
Die enclosure guard means an
enclosure attached to the die shoe or stripper, or both, in
a fixed position.
Die set means a tool holder
held in alignment by guide posts and bushings and consisting
of a lower shoe, an upper shoe or punch holder, and guide posts
and bushings.
Die setter means an individual
who places or removes dies in or from mechanical power presses,
and who, as a part of his duties, makes the necessary adjustments
to cause the tool-ing to function properly and safely.
Die setting means the process
of placing or removing dies in or from a mechanical power press,
and the process of adjust-ing the dies, other tooling and safeguarding
means to cause them to function properly and safely.
Die shoe means a plate or block
upon which a die holder is mounted. A die shoe functions primarily
as a base for the complete die assembly, and, when used, is
bolted or clamped to the bolster plate or the face of slide.
Direct drive means the type driving
arrangement wherein no clutch is used; coupling and decoupling
of the driving torque is accomplished by energizing and deenergization
of a motor. Even though not employing a clutch, direct drives
match the operational characteristics of “part revolution
clutches” because the driving power may be disengaged
during the stroke of the press.
Exposed to contact means that
the location of an object is such that a person is likely to
come into contact with it and be injured.
Ejector means a mechanism for
removing work or material from between the dies.
Face of slide means the bottom
surface of the slide to which the punch or upper die is generally
attached.
Feeding means the process of
placing or removing material within or from the point of operation.
Fixed barrier guard means
a die space barrier attached to the press frame.
Flywheels include flywheels, balance
wheels, and flywheel pul-leys mounted and revolving on crankshaft
of engine or other shafting.
Foot control means the foot
operated control mechanism designed to be used with a clutch
or clutch/brake control system.
Foot pedal means the foot operated
lever designed to operate the mechanical linkage that trips
a full revolution clutch.
Full-revolution clutch means
a type of clutch that, when tripped, cannot be disengaged until
the crankshaft has completed a full revolution and the press
slide a full stroke.
Gate or movable barrier device
means a movable barrier arranged to enclose the point of operation
before the press stroke can be started.
Guard means a barrier that prevents
entry of the operator’s hands or fingers into the point
of operation.
Guide post means the pin attached
to the upper or lower die shoe, operating within the bushing
on the opposing die shoe, to maintain the alignment of the upper
and lower dies.
Hand feeding tool means any hand-held
tool designed for placing or removing material or parts to be
processed within or from the point of operation.
Holdout or restraint device means a mechanism,
including attachments for operator’s hands, that when
anchored and adjusted prevent the operator’s hands from
entering the point of operation.
Inch means an intermittent motion
imparted to the slide (on machines using part revolution clutches)
by momentary operation of the “Inch” operating means.
Operation of the “Inch” operating means engages
the driving clutch so that a small portion of one stroke or
indefinite stroking can occur, depending upon the length of
time the “Inch” operating means is held operated.
“Inch” is a function used by the die setter for
setup of dies and tooling, but is not intended for use during
production operations by the operator.
Interlocked press barrier guard
means a barrier attached to the press frame and interlocked
so that the press stroke cannot be started normally unless the
guard itself, or its hinged or movable sections, enclose the
point of operation.
Jog means an intermittent motion
imparted to the slide by momentary operation of the drive motor,
after the clutch is engaged with the flywheel at rest.
Knockout means a mechanism
for releasing material from either die.
Liftout means the mechanism also
known as knockout.
Maintenance runway means any
permanent runway or plat-form used for oiling, maintenance,
running adjustment, or repair work, but not for passageway.
Manual feeding means feeding
wherein the material or part being processed is handled by the
operator on each stroke of the press.
Nip-point belt and pulley guard
means a device which encloses the pulley and is provided with
rounded or rolled edge slots through which the belt passes.
Operator’s station means
the complete complement of controls used by or available to
an operator on a given operation for stroking the press.
Part-revolution clutch means a
type of clutch that can be dis-engaged at any point before the
crankshaft has completed a full revolution and the press slide
a full stroke.
Pinch point means any point
other than the point of operation at which it is possible for
a part of the body to be caught between the moving parts of
a press or auxiliary equipment, or between moving and stationary
parts of a press or auxiliary equipment or between the material
and moving part or parts of the press or auxiliary equipment.
Point of operation means the area
of the press where material is actually positioned and work
is being performed during any process such as shearing, punching,
forming, or assembling.
Presence-sensing device means
a device designed, constructed and arranged to create a sensing
field or area and to deactivate the clutch control of the press
when an operator’s hand or any other part of his body
is within such field or area.
Press means a mechanically
powered machine that shears, punches, forms or assembles metal
or other material by means of cutting, shaping, or combination
dies attached to slides. A press consists of a stationary bed
or anvil, and a slide (or slides) having a controlled reciprocating
motion toward and away from the bed surface, the slide being
guided in a definite path by the frame of the press. as a source
of power.
Pullout device means a mechanism
attached to the operator’s hands and connected to the
upper die or slide of the press, that is designed, when properly
adjusted, to withdraw the operator’s hands as the dies
close, if the operator’s hands are inadvertently within
the point of operation.
Repeat means an unintended
or unexpected successive stroke of the press resulting from
a malfunction.
Safety block means a prop that, when inserted
between the upper and lower dies or between the bolster plate
and the face of the slide, prevents the slide from falling of
its own deadweight.
Safety system means the integrated
total system, including the pertinent elements of the press,
the controls, the safeguarding and any required supplemental
safeguarding, and their interfaces with the operator, and the
environment, designed, constructed and arranged to operate together
as a unit, such that a single failure or single operating error
will not cause injury to personnel due to point of operation
hazards.
Semiautomatic feeding means feeding
wherein the material or part being processed is placed within
or removed from the point of operation by an auxiliary means
controlled by the operator on each stroke of the press.
Sheaves mean grooved pulleys,
and shall be so classified unless used as flywheels.
Single stroke means one complete
stroke of the slide, usually initiated from a full open (or
up) position, followed by closing (or down), and then a return
to the full open position.
Single-stroke mechanism means
an arrangement used on a full-revolution clutch to limit the
travel of the slide to one complete stroke at each engagement
of the clutch.
Slide means the main reciprocating
press member. A slide is also called a ram, plunger, or platen.
Stop control means an operator
control designed to immediately deactivate the clutch control
and activate the brake to stop slide motion.
Stripper means a mechanism
or die part for removing the parts or material from the punch.
Stroking selector means the part
of the clutch/brake control that determines the type of stroking
when the operating means is actuated. The stroking selector
generally includes positions for Off (Clutch Control), Inch,
Single Stroke, and Continuous (when Continuous is furnished).
Sweep device means a single or
double arm (rod) attached to the upper die or slide of the press
and designed to move the oper-ator’s hands to a safe position
as the dies close, if the operator’s hands are inadvertently
within the point of operation.
Trip or (tripping) means activation
of the clutch to “run” the press.
Turnover bar means a bar used
in die setting to manually turn the crankshaft of the press.
Two-hand trip means a clutch actuating
means requiring the concurrent use of both hands of the operator
to trip the press.
Two-hand control device
means a two-hand trip that further requires concurrent pressure
from both hands of the operator during a substantial part of
the die-closing portion of the stroke of the press.
Unitized tooling means a type
of die in which the upper and lower members are incorporated
into self-contained units
arranged as to hold the die members in alignment.
